Concepts and Equations for Petroleum Engineers

Юкос, 2003. — 47 с.Методическое пособие по нефтегазовому делу для инженеров. Собраны и систематизированы по подразделам все формулы и графики, с которыми приходится сталкиваться разработчику. Даны все необходимые пояснения и единицы измерения
Reservoir EngineeringDarcy’S law
Expressio
Darcy’s law in field metric units
Darcy’s law in radial steady-state flow
Darcy’s law in radial flow pseudosteady-state flowOoip/Reserves
Ooip- Original Oil in Place
ReservesSkin factor
Definition
The additional pressure drop due to skin effect, ∆ps
ExampleDiffusivity equation, Flow regimes
Diffusivity equation in radial form
Semi steady state (or pseudo steady-state)
Steady stateWell test analysis
Pressure Drawdown or Injectivity
Buildup or FalloffWater injection compensation
immiscible displacement (Waterflooding)
Linear water fractional flow equation, fw
Average water saturationMaterial balance methods
General equation
Fe method (solution gas drive)
Gascap method
Havlena – Odeh Method
Campbell Method
Pressure match methods (any reservoir)
Production EngineeringBottom hole Pressure (Bhp) In esp pump wells
Vertical well case
Deviated wells (subtract a constant correction)
Units conversionOil flow rate based on total liquid and water cut
Volumetric flowrate
Mass flowrate
Example
Units conversionProductivity index pi
Definition
Pi for steady state flow to a vertical well
Pi for pseudosteady – state flow to a vertical well
Pi calculation given qL, pwf and pRInflow performance relationship (Ipr)
Vogel model in dimensionless form
General Ipr based on Vogel’s model
General Ipr based on Fetkovich’s model
Example problem (Ipr)Flow efficiency
definition
Fe for steady-state flow
Fe for pseudosteady-state flowCalculations for enhancement candidate selection
Enhancement
Calculation of potential oil rate incrementCalculations for fracturing well candidate selection
Calculation of potential oil rate increment
Esp pump designFracture efficiency
definitionFracture design equations
Rock mechanics parameters
Fluid volume pumped (Vi)
Fracture volume (Vf)
Volume lost into the reservoir (Vlp)
Fracture half length or penetration (l)
dimensionless fracture conductivity (Fcd)Md, Tvd and tvdss
single phase pressure Drop in casing or tubing
pressure drop in casing or tubing
pressure drop in annularFlow through chokes
Gilbert equation (water/oil, producing gas)
Example
poettmann and Beck’s chartsMultiphase prEssure drop in casing or tubing
General pressure drop expression
Orkiszewski’s correlation
Bubble flow
Slug flow
Continuous oil phase
Continuous water phaseOil pvt properties
Oil specific gravity and Api gravity
Bubble pressure or saturation pressure
Dead oil viscosity
Oil viscosity above bubble point pressure
Oil formation volume factor (Standing)Gas properties
Real gas equation of state (Eos)
Gas Fvf
gas viscosityDecline curve equations
General mathematical expression
Exponential or constant decline
Hyperbolic decline
Harmonic decline
Formation EvaluationShale volume by gr and sp
Definition: shale content, Vsh
Gr – natural gammy ray log
Sp – spontaneous potentialPorosIty from porOsity logs
Porosity of clean reservoirs (Vsh=0)
Porosity of shaly reservoirs, shale content correctionArchie’S equations
Formation factor
Formation resistivity index, I
Example
Correction for shale content (Vsh)
Example